पाठ-४ सिभिल1

पाठ-४ सिभिल-

Subject Civil : workshop

Metal work -workshop

EXP:1

OBJECT:

MAKING NUT OF THE SIZE OF 8 mm BOLT

TOOLS REQUIRED :

·          Iron rod of round shape

·          Bench vice

·          File

·          Drill machine

·          Tap

·          Try square

·          Hammer and center pitch

PROCEDURE (theory):

 To make nut which exactly fit in the given volt, we first took a iron rod and marked it at 1cm measuring it by1m square and often than we cut it with the help of file. After cutting we got a piece of iron which we finished by holding it in bench vice and the help of file.  In this way we got a iron with rough, surface. so we smooth it and re sizing clear. now we make hole ,to drill 8 no drill bit. we it prepare size first we mark it. hammering on center punch at the preior nut.after, we start finishing of this work shape in six side. then it make hexagonal piece of ironwhich have a hole of its center.

But it was not complete exactly as a not to give it a gripping we used tape to therad it intialy making it round pushing it into the hexagonal peace of iron. at the we get a nut of hexagonal shape which fit in given bolt.

Fig ..

PRECAUTION :

1.        Chose exact piece of iron,to drill handle and care machine.

2.        When perfect finishing shape shape other .

3.        Do work carefully,slowely and ligeally.

4.        Use safety tools,dress, glove etc.

CONCLUSION :

we able to make hexagonal shape 8 mm thick bolt,fitting nut

END

blogger.g?

EXP:2

OBJECT:

JOINING TWO METALS BY USING WELDING.

TOOLS REQUIRED :

·          Metal plate 10mm x 4mmx1mm size,flat shape 2 piece

·          Bench vice

·          File

·          welding machine.electrode,safty tools complete.

·          Tap

·          Try square

·          Hammer and center pitch

PROCEDURE (theory):

To complte welding,prepare above materials and tools. Collect Metal plate 10mm x 4mmx1mm size,flat shape 2 piece and resize them with Bench vice fixing and File it. Measure with Tap,correct Try square and final to work.

Now reday to welding machine. safty google,glove other tools complete. Supply voltage and care with handle electrode safely,touch two arrange metal piece Hammer and center pitch edge properly,smoothly handle work and complete joining both side.finilize with hammering and filling to finishing.

Fig ..

PRECAUTION :

1.        Chose exact piece of iron,to welding machine handle and care.

2.        When perfect finishing shape.

3.        Do work carefully,slowely and ligeally.

4.        Use safety tools,dress, glove etc.

CONCLUSION :

we able to make two piece of metal welding.

END

EXP:2

OBJECT:

JOINING TWO rod BY USING WELDING.

TOOLS REQUIRED :

·          Metal plate 25 cm dia.10mm size, 2 piece

·          Bench vice

·          File

·          welding machine.electrode,safty tools complete.

·          Tap

·          Try square

·          Hammer and center pitch

PROCEDURE (theory):

To complte welding,prepare above materials and tools. Collect rod 10mm dia. size,flat shape 2 piece and resize them with Bench vice fixing and File it. Measure with Tap,correct Try square and final to work.

Now reday to welding machine. safty google,glove other tools complete. Supply voltage and care with handle electrode safely,touch two arrange metal piece Hammer and center pitch edge properly,smoothly handle work and complete joining both side.finilize with hammering and filling to finishing.

Fig ..

PRECAUTION :

1.        Chose exact piece of iron,to welding machine handle and care.

2.        When perfect finishing shape.

3.        Do work carefully,slowely and ligeally.

4.        Use safety tools,dress, glove etc.

CONCLUSION :

we able to make two piece of metal rod welding.

END

Ex:3

TO CUT A ROD AND MAKE T  JOINT

 Appartus required

A:granding machine

B:welding machine

C:file

D:bench vice

E:water bucket

F:rench

Theory=it is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials usually metal

Or thermoplastic by casing fusion which is distiment from lower telnpefrature metal joining

Technique from such as brazing and soldering which doesnot melt the base metals.

Then only take a any joint.

Procedure=To cut a metal rod about 5 cm after that  the small piece of rod having rough

In cutting. Then we take rod to make both to make smooth in cutting place. After that

 we make both rod smooth in both side. With the help of file and bench vice. Then we

want to the welding place. Then we take one rod down another up making like English

alphabets t. then first we

 4.Title  :  TO PREPARE BOX OF TIN SIZE 300 *300 SHEET

Object : perforating metal work

REQUIRED APPARATURS

1.        Iron scissor

2.        Scale

3.        Iron bolt(12)

4.        Hammer

5.        Driller machine etc

Materials

1.Gai sheet

2.Iron bolt

Procedure

We going to making box for keeping brush pen nail etc. we are processing serially this step first we take a C.G.I sheet and cut around 300 * 300 mm dimension. This piece was found center co of this cutting piece. We the square of dimension. This piece was found center co of this cutting piece. We

Marked the square of dimension 6cm*6cm onto the center of c.g.i sheet and fold given size.

 Handle and care : use carefully metal sheet ,rebating. punching and electrical goods

 Result : complete final work for square, rectangular c.g.i sheet

End

Computer /civil/ wood work

Lab-1

TITLE :  Preparation of cross joint making 90 0 angle between two pieces of stick.

REQUIRED MATERIALS:

Two piece of stick.

Wood

REQUIRED TOOLS :

i.                     T shape scale .

ii.                    Wood planner

iii.                  Measuring tape

iv.                  Chisel

v.                    Wood maker

vi.                  Hackshaw

PROCEDURES

i.                     First of all we were collected all the required tools and material and put them at the proper place such that we can use tools easier.

ii.                    We hold taken the stick  and fixed it on the bench such that stick cannot move while we use wood plannar to make the stick hugh.

iii.                  After that we correctly measured and marked with pencil to cut and make cross joint.

iv.                  At first one stick was cut by t/2 depth and t length for suitable purpose.

v.                    Then the second stick was made with the share of 1^st stick and joint both.

Result: Hence at last we had constructed the cross joint making 90 angle between two pieces of stick.

Lab-2

OBJECT: PREPARATION OF dove taial joint of two fixed shaped sticks

REQUIRED MATERIALS :Two piece of wood.

REQUIRED TOOLS:

1.        planner .

2.        Measuring Tape

3.        Wood T-shape scale

4.        Wood maker

5.        Hacksaw     

PROCEDURE :   collect required wood.shape and resize.measure their own scale,required dove tail.then all wood resize dove tail and fixed to measurement size with joining.fixed it 2/3 mouth top,h==d/3  base tail and d be the main base of dove in u size.

RESULT :

At last we had constructed the dove tail joint of two fixed shaped wood.      

`                                                               End

Lab-3

OBJECT: PREPARATION OF Prepration of (required materials) to make a tool table (wood)

REQUIRED MATERIALS : 2"x2"x3'eight piece of wood.2'x4'sq ft plywood

REQUIRED TOOLS:

1.        planner .

2.        Measuring Tape

3.        Wood T-shape scale

4.        Wood maker

5.        Hacksaw     

PROCEDURE :   collect required wood.shape and resize.measure their own scale,required dove tail.then all wood resize table and fixed to measurement size with joining.fixed it 2"x2"x2' size 2 piece length table, 2"x2"x4' size 2 piece beadth table base and 2"x2"x3' size 4 piece heigth table in size.give in top 2'1"x4'1" plywood cover head of table.

RESULT :

At last we had constructed the table joint of two fixed shaped wood.      

End

Lab 4

OBJECT: PREPARATION OF Prepration of other tool make box(wood)

REQUIRED MATERIALS : 2"x2"x3'eight piece of wood.2'x4'sq ft plywood

REQUIRED TOOLS:

1.        planner .

2.        Measuring Tape

3.        Wood T-shape scale

4.        Wood maker

5.        Hacksaw     

PROCEDURE :   collect required wood.shape and resize.measure their own scale,required dove tail.then all wood resize table and fixed to measurement size with joining.fixed it 2"x2"x2' size 2 piece length table, 2"x2"x4' size 2 piece beadth table base and 2"x2"x3' size 4 piece heigth with cover plywood 4 size then make an 2'x4' box in size.it is in reactangular in shape

RESULT :

At last we had constructed the box joint of two fixed shaped wood.      

End

Civil practical

Plumbing

Name of experiment	page	Date of performed	Submission date
Prepration of plumbing materials,in workshop management
Prepration of towo plate joint through gas welding
Prepration of straight bond,y joint in polythine pipe

Materials need:

Elbow

Tee

Socket

Union

Cross tee

Cross over

Reducer elbow

Reducer tee

Peducer socket

Check nut

Plug

Cap

Gate valve

Read symbol:-

Block Diagram of welding machine set.

Welding is process of joining similar metals by application of with or without application of pressure and adding of Filler material. The result is a coutinulty of homogenous material  of the composition nad characteristics of two parts which are being joined together. 

Gas welding /machine set :

Wgas welding is a process joining which are joined together by burning a combusative gas with air or oxygen in concentvated flame of high temerature. As with other welding methods.the purpose of the flame is to hoot and well the parent metal and filter rod of a joint.this process is particularly suitable for joining metal sheets and plate having thickness of 2 to 50 mm.

Type of gas welding flame-

Three type

Neutral flame

Oxidizing flame

Carbonising flame

Name of experiment	page	Date of performed	Submission date
Prepration of wall,materials with English,flemeshing…bond
Prepration of house earthwork
Rod work,earthquake protection and construction

Brick

ENGLISH BOND :

1.Construct one brick thick return wall (90 0  bend)layers 6 brick and length 4 brick and 6 brick (English bond)

REQUIRED TO0LS:

Start all work,we have collect all the required materials and tools then material like trawl,pointing trawl. Corner block, tape wall club hammer, spill lever line, bat gause.

PROCUDER:

First of all we have collect all the required materials and tools then we clean out the tools after sometime we will measure the place to construct the wall and then collect requied things like sand,brick cement.then mixed out water and sand cement wasout brick then constructed the wall  serially.then then the wall is constricted.

CONCLUSION:

We are able to construct one brick return wall (90 band)

2.Construct one brick straight wall in english  bend layers 5 brick and length  brick height (English bond)

REQUIRED TO0LS:

trawl,pointing trawl. Corner block, tape wall club hammer, spill lever line, bat gause.

PROCUDER:

  First of all we have collect all the required materials and tools then we clean out the tools after sometime we will measure the place to construct the wall and then collect requied things like sand,brick cement.then mixed out water and sand cement wasout brick then constructed the wall  serially.then then the wall is constricted.

CONCLUSION:

We are able to construct one brick straight wall in English bond 5 brick along 6 brick height.

FLEMESHING BOND

3. Construct & cavity wall consist of two wall with 5 cm to 8 cm cavity them

REQUIRED Tools:

Start all work,we have collect all the required materials and tools then material like trawl,pointing trawl. Corner block, tape wall club hammer, spill lever line, bat gause.

PROCUDER:

  First of all we have collect all the required materials and tools then we clean out the tools after sometime we will measure the place to construct the wall and then collect requied things like sand,brick cement.then mixed out water and sand cement wasout brick then constructed the wall  flemeshing bond .

Advantage

1.        sound insulation.

2.        Heat insulation

3.        economy

stability :

these are provided 90 cm apart horizontally and 30 cm apart horizontally and 30 cm to 45 cm apart vertically.

Pointing:

It is the process in which joint between brick or stone masonery raised about 13 cm or filling with motor slightly richer mixer.

Type of pointing:

1.        flush pointing

2.        cut/weather/stuck pointing

3.        graved pointing

4.        keyed pointing

5.        bedded pointing

6.        tuck pointing

CONCLUSION:

We are able to construct one brick return wall (90 band)

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;Lk ljsf;—sflnu9 tflnd

TOT

Soil and Foundation

df6f]

Ø  df6f] r§fg 6'lqmP/ ag]sf ;;fgf 6'qmfx?sf] ylk|P/ ag]sf] xf] . lgdf{0fsf] lx;fan] x]g]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] agfPsf] ;a} 3/sf] jfn hu d'lg /x]sf] df6f]n] g} wfGg' kg]{ x'G5 .

df6f]sf] k|sf/

•          ;fwf/0ftof tf}n wfGg ;Sg] lx;fan]

df6f]sf] k|sf/x?nfO{ o;/L ;Dem\g ;ls5 .

df6f]sf] k|sf/	tf}n wfGg ;Sg] Ifdtf
1_ s8f r§fg (Rock)	;a}eGbf /fd|f]
2_ afnDjf / lu§L (Sand)	w]/} /fd|f]
3_ s8fdl;gf] df6f]	/fd|f]
8=_ g/d dl;gf] df6f]	sDfhf]/
5_ w]/} s'lxPsf] af]6 la?jf dn ldl;Psf] df6f]	clt sdhf]/

hu(Foundation)

Ø  3/sf] ;a} eGbf tnsf] efunfO{ hu elgG5 . hun] 3/sf] tf}nnfO{ df6f]df af8\g] sfd u5{ .

Ø  ;fwf/0ftof hlt w]/} df6f]df tf}n af+8g ;s] Toltg} w]/} tf}n y]Ug ;Sg] Ifdtf a[l4 x'g] x'+bf hlt 7"nf] / ulx/f] hu /fVg ;Sof] Tolt 3/ alnof] x'g ;S5 .

jjj

huM husf k|sf/x?  (Types of Foundation)

-s_       sd ulx/f] hu (Shallow Foundation)

-!_          nf]8 wfGg] kvf{nsf] hu (Wall Footing, Strip Footing)

-@_         xflQ kfOn] (Isoloated Footing)

#_          xflQkfOn] ;+u hud} lad ePsf] (Strap Footing)

$_          ;+o'Qm hu (Combined Footing)

%_          Pp6} hu (Mat)

 -v_        ulx/f] hu (Deep Foujndation)

nf]8 wfGg] kvf{nsf] hu (Wall Footing, Strip Footing)

Ø  of] hu uf/f]sf] nDafO{ e/L lgdf{0f ul/G5 .

Ø  o;n] r§fg, jfn'jf, lu§L / s8f df6f]df a9L /fd|f] sfd ub{5 .

Ø  of] kvf{nn] nf]8 wfGg] tl/sfsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] ejg (load bearing wall Buiding) sf] nflu agfO{G5 .

b'O{ tnf ;Ddsf] nflu
-/fd|f] df6f]df_

—  tnsf] s+lqm6sf] rf8fO -slDtdf_ = 2 X  uf/f]sf] df]6fO{ + 1’-0”

—  tnsf] s+lqm6sf] df]6fO{ -slDtfdf_ = 5/6 X uf/f]sf] df]6fO{

—  husf] ulx/fO{ slDtdf -hldg b]lv s+lqm6sf] dfly ;Dd_ = 2 X uf/f]sf] df]6fO{

—  t/ df6f] g/d dl;gf] vfnsf] ePdf husf] rf}8fO{ 5 lkm6 / ulx/fO{ 5 lkm6 ;Dd agfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

xflQ kfOn] (Isolated Footing)

Ø  of] lkNn/ jfnf 3/df agfOg] hu xf] .

Ø  of] lkNn/sf] d'lg dfq agfO{G5 .

gS;f

xflQkfO{n]

lkn/

tLg tNnf ;Ddsf] 3/sf nflu M -slDtfdf_

df6f]sf] k|sf/	rf}8fO{ -lkm6_	ulx/fO{ -lkm^_
r§fg	2’-6”	1’-0”
afnDjf / lu§L	3’-0”	2’-0”
s8fdf6f]	3’-0”	3’-0”
g/d df6f]	5’-0”	5’-0”

xflQkfOn] ;+u hud} lad ePsf] (Strap Footing):

·          xflQ kfOn]x?nfO{ hus} ;txdf 1’-0” x 1’-0” cfsf/sf] ladn] af+w]/ 3/sf] husf] Ifdtf a9fpg ;lsG5 .

k'/f hu foundation

;+o'Qm hu
(Combined Footing)

—  b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L lkNn/nfO{ Pp6} hu agfpg].

Pp^} hu (Mat)

—  ;a} lkNn/nfO{ Pp6} hu pknJw u/fpg] . of] cUnf 3/x? / sdhf]/ df6f]df agfOG5 .

5t

Parameters and criteria
for foundation design

•       Codes, Practices and Standards(IS: 1904–1966, Ramiah and Chickanagappa, 1981; Bowles, 1996)Presumptive Bearing Capacity

•       Cohesion less soils: Typical values of safe bearing capacity (t/m2)

1. Gravel, sand and gravel, compact and offering high resistance  penetration when excavated by tools                         45(t/m2 )

2. Coarse sand, compact and dry                                     45(t/m2 )

3. Medium sand, compact and dry                                   25(t/m2 )

4. Fine sand, silt (dry lumps easily pulverized by the fingers)  15(t/m2 )

5. Loose gravel or sand gravel mixture; loose coarse to medium sand and dry                                                                                       25(t/m2 )

6. Fine sand, loose and dry                                                          10 (t/m2 )

                                                

•       Cohesive soils

•       Soft shale, hard or stiff clay in deep bed, dry   45(t/m2)

2. Medium clay readily indented with a thumb nail 25(t/m2)

3. Moist clay and sand clay mixture which can be indented with strong thumb pressure                15(t/m2)

4. Soft clay indented with moderate thumb pressure 10(t/m2)

5. Very soft clay which can be penetrated several inches with the thumb   5(t/m2)

6. Black cotton soil or other shrinkage or expansive clay in dry condition (50% saturation)               15(t/m2)

•       Rock

   soft:    45 t/m2

   Hard:  330 t/m2

Settlements and Differential Settlements

Settlement and differential settlement

as per Indian Standards.

Criterion                                     Permissible settlement (cm)

•       Angular distortion: office buildings, flats and factories Differential settlement (as a ratio) should not exceed   

                                                                     1/500–1/1000

•       Maximum differential settlement:

               Clays                                                      4.0

               Sands                                                    2.5

•       Maximum total settlement:

                 Isolated footings on clay                   6.5

                 Isolated footings on sand                 4.0

                Raft foundations on clay                   6.5–10.0

                Raft foundation on sand                   4–6.5

Differential settlement due to non homogeneous soils

Effect due to improper foundation

—  Insufficient size and depth

Ø        Sliding

Ø        Overturning

Ø        Bearing Failure

Ø        excess settlement

tilt

Insufficient thickness of foundation slab:

•       Structural failure: shear failure

kkk

some technique

•       For soft soil layers:

Foundation on sloping ground

Foundation at Different Levels

Foundation on granular soils

Foundation on clayey soils

Foundation near Existing Building

•       The minimum horizontal distance between existing and new footings shall be at least equal to the width of the wider footing.

•       In important cases, analysis of bearing capacity and settlement shall be carried out.

Deep foundation:

•       Essential for liquefaction prone area

•       High rise buildings

Use full kits for lab a. electronics

Name of experiment

Function generator me 165

Power measurement kit using wattmeter ac/dc

Verification of KCL KVL me 561

Ohms law apparatus

Resistance in series parallel apparatus

LCR resonance apparatus

RMS/peak/average & power factor training kit

RC RL circuit training kit

Rlc series parallel network circuit kit

Linear system simulator Fourier kit

Active filter with power supply

Passive Filter constant Law high and band m -derived Law and high (ltd)

Wheat stone bridge (ETB)- 241

Measurement of Indications -

Capacitance by Maxwell

Measurement of Capacitance by Wien ETB-136

SCR single phase half-wave full -wave  fully controlled bridge rectifier converter

Logic Tanning board OR NOT NAND   (Ltb-33)

Study of various types file flop LTB

Morgan chopper (mE808)

Light intensity control using SCR & TRIAC (ME-791)

Switching action of a transistor (ME -625)

PID position servo Machines trainer (ME-11o7)

DC position servo mechanics trainer (ME-1107)

PLC trainer demonstration unit me 1125

supply me 130CH1: 0-6VCD\100MP-2amp CH2:0-32 VCD\100 MA 2amp 0-=15 VCD\100ma-1 amp

cro 20mhz, dual channel 2 trace (ME-3020)

1\2 Digital multi-meter(Manual Range)

Analog multimeter

Solding iron Solding wire Solding flux Solding pump

logic gates using six itatlices (6in 1)

RTL logic gates (sin)me 678

Basic logic using discrete components(7in 1)me 679

Application of ic555 me 650

Haif wave fullwave &bridge Rectifer apparatus me 577D

4 bit counters synchronous me -712

format ,cube test:-

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Material Testing Laboratory

WESTERN REGION CAMPUS

Lamachaur, pokhara

                                                                                                              Date:

S.N.

To,

The Engineer/Chief

………………………………………….

………………………………………….

………………………………………….

Subject: Compressive Strength Test Results

Dear Sir / Madam,

The concrete cubes have been tested as per your requested letter of dated ……………… the result of which are as follows:

Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes

Grade of Concrete      :                                            Cement used      :

Design Mix                 :                                            Cube Dimension:

Size of aggregate used:                                            Admixture used :

Age of concrete          :                                            Surface Area      :

S.N.	Cube No.	Weight of sample (kg)	Breaking Load (kN)	Compressive Strength (N/mm2)	Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2)	Normal Range
1	Sample-1
2	Sample-2
3	Sample-3

Result: The average compressive strength of concrete cube = …………………N/mm²

Quality:

………………………..

Er. Prakash Bdr. Adhikari

(Laboratory  Incharge & Lecturer)

(Department of Civil Engineering)

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

Institute of Engineering

Material Testing Laboratory

Western Region Campus

Lamachaur, Pokhara

                                                 Date: 27th March 2012

To,                                                 

Pokhara Sub-Metropolis

New Road, Pokhara

SITE INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Dear Sir/Madam,

The geotechnical exploration for the construction of basement floor with area 3021.05 sq.ft belonging to Mr. Prakash Baral located at New Road, Pokhara has been done on the basis of site visit and simple laboratory test on disturbed sample at a depth of 5’0” of proposed site. The results are given as under.  For better result field tests like SPT, DCPT, SCPT etc. are strongly recommended.

Mr. Prakash Bdr. Adhikari

(Laboratory Incharge)

(Geo-technical Engineer)

1. INTRODUCTION

 

1.1 General

Client’s Name: Mr. Prakash Baral

Location: Pokhara Metropolis, Ward No. 8, New Road, Pokhara.

Plot No: 2490249, 32495

Land Area: 0-9-1-3

A Geo-technical exploration was done on the proposed site located at Pokhara Metropolis Ward No. 8, New Road Pokhara to investigate ane analyse about the suitability for a 3 storey residential building with a basement floor. The details of 3 storey building are as follows:

Basement Area = 3021.05 Sq.ft.

Ground Floor Area = 3021.05 Sq.ft.

First Floor Area = 3021.05 Sq.ft.

Second Floor Area = 2629.125 Sq.ft.

2. METHODOLOGY

I.                    Reconnaissance survey of proposes site.

II.                  Test pit up to the foundation depth to know the soil profile and to collect the disturbed sample for  laboratory test. Following lab tests were carried out:

·         Natural moisture content

·         Sieve analysis

·         Atterberg’s Limit

·         Specific Gravity

·         Unit Weight

·         Direct shear Test

III.               Use of standard codes and co-relations charts to find constant parameters.

IV. Computation of Safe Bearing Capacity of foundation soil.

V.  Computation of permissible settlement.

     VI.  Determination of Ground Water Table (GWT).

     VII. Study of geological hazards like excess settlement and shear failure, slope failure etc, if any.

3. FINDINGS

Geology of Site

As the Pokhara valley represents an intermontane fluvial basin spread around the midstream of the Seti river in theLesser Himalaya of Nepal, It is filled by large volume of layered clastic deposits _gravel, silt and clay of Quaternary age, brought from the Annapurna mountain range probably by a series of catastrophic debris flows.

Type of Foundation Soil

a. Alluvial deposit, coarse grained soil, Sandy gravel with silt, red to grey in color with presence of rock  cobbles and conglomerate distributed randomly in the proposed area.

b. The soil (cultivated previously) is soft clay up a thickness of 0.4m.

c. Soil is found as Normally Consolidated.

d. The top soil is followed by a mixture of sany gravel and silt with presence of cobbles, boulder and conglomerate rock (mechanically formed sedimentary rock composed of coarse assorted long transported waterworn smooth rounded pebbles of rocks and mineral cemented together) of reddish brown.

e. No seepage and Ground Water Table (GWT) were observed on the site at the depth of basement foundation of proposed residential building but the critical condition was considered while computing bearing capacity.

f. No evidence were found of ground subsidence, collapse and no any slope failures were observed on the site.

g. The proposed building site is gentle and flat.

Liquifaction

When a fine or medium fine, saturated, loose sand deposit is subjected to a sudden shock (generated by an earthquake) the mass will temporarily liquefy. This phenomenon is termed Liquefaction. When liquefaction takes place in a particular soil, or whole of the bearing capacity of the soil disappears and the structure built on it tilts or even sinks.

The past big big earthquakes that in nigata Nigata (1964), Mino-Owari (1891), Tonankai (1944), Fukui (1948), Jaltipan (1959), and Alaska (1964), have shown that saturated sandy soils in a loose to medium dense condition were liquified during earthquakes varying in magnitude from 5.5 to 8.5 (Richter scale) and epicentral distance from several miles to hundread of miles.

From the case studies on soils of these areas, it has come to the knowledge that liquefaction potential characteristics of the soil are:

1). The soil contains less than 10 percent fines.

2). D60 is 5mm

3). Cu (D60/D10) is 0.622

Where:

D₆₀         = 60 percent of the soil grains smaller than corresponding abscissa value in the grain size distribution curve;

D₁₀       = 10 percent of the soil grains smaller than corresponding abscissa value in the grain size distribution curve;

C_u =     Coefficient of uniformity = D₆₀/ D₁₀  

The characteristics parameters for predicting potentiality of the soil at the site of concern should be derived from the field test and laboratory test results. While comparing the predicted soil properties with the liquefaction potential characteristics values shown above, the soil properties indicate that the chance of liquefaction was intermediate.

4. RECOMMENDED PARAMETERS FOR THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN

For the soil type, from standard IS code, recommended parameters are as follows:

Angle of repose (φ)        = 34^o to 36^o (i.e. 34^o)

Cohesion (c)                   = negligible

Factor of safety (F)        = 1.7 to 2.5 (here 2.5)

Unit Weight (γ)               = 18.2 kN/m³ and 18.66 kN/m³

Specific Gravity (G_s)    = 2.56 and 2.32

Depth of Basement Foundation = 1.524m

Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Factors for φ = 34^o

N_c = 52.6,  N_q = 36.5, N_γ = 35

SBC (q_s) = [0.5γB N_γR_w2 + γDN_qR_w1] / F

SBC (q_s) = 420.0 kN/m2 (Safe Bearing Capacity)

Since the major soil type is coarse grained type, there is less possibility of the consolidation settlement. Immediate settlement may be expected to occur on the site which might not affect seriously. As per IS code, recommended permissible settlement for the available soil type in case of residential building is 40mm.

The recommended value of PGA as 0.3g as the building site lies on zone V of Earthquake zone in Nepal.

5. CONCLUSION

• Construction of the proposed 3 storeyed residential building with a basement floor is feasible on the proposed site.
• It is highly recommended to use above recommended design parameters only for structural design of the proposed building and basement.
• The design of foundation, basement and structure are entirely the responsibility of the Structural Engineer. Thus, this report does not take any responsibility for the defects arises from structural design.
• The structural designer is strongly remined to avoid the short column effect in the basement floor.
• The existing ground requires to be cut minimum to a depth of 3.5m for the basement floor. A precaution must be taken in retaining the soil and foundation of adjacent building while excavating.
• The above design parameters are fully based on the laboratory test results on disturbed sample and some standard values as per IS code only. Thus the results may not 100% represent the in-situ condition. So field tests like Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCPT) and Static Cone Penetration Test (SCPT) are strongly recommended for the better and more reliable results. 

Prakash Bdr. Adhikari

Geo-technical Engineer  

Date:27th March 2012

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Material Testing Laboratory
WESTERN REGION CAMPUS
Lamachaur, pokhara
R.N						Date: 2068-06-01
To,
Ngyoi Tamu Dhin
C/o Pragati Engineering Consultancy
Open House Complex Building
Subject: Compressive Strength of Cement
Dear Sir / Madam,
The concrete cubes have been tested as per your requested letter of dated 2068-06-01, the results
of which are as follows:
Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes
Grade of Concrete       : M20				Cement Used    : JAYPEE (Indian)
Design Mix                  : 1:1.5:3				Cube Dimension: (150x150x150) mm3					14
Size of aggragate used  : 25mm down				Admixture Used: Not Used
Age of Concrete Cubes: 7 days				Surface Area     : (150x150) mm2
S.N.	Cube No.	Weight of Cube (kg)	Breaking Load (KN)	Compressive Strength (N/mm2)	Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2)	Normal Range
1	Sample-1	8.177	350.00	15.56	15.41	12 to 14 N/mm2
2	Sample-2	7.982	360.00	16.00
3	Sample-3	8.424	330.00	14.67
Result: Average Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube  = 15.41 N/mm2.
Quality: Good R.N Date: 2068-06-01 To, District Co-Operative Division Office Nature of work : Slab Bharatpur, Chitwan casting : 2068/10/15 Requested by: Bhim joti Biswas Samtachana JV  crossing : 2068/10/22 Chitwan Subject: Compressive Strength of Cement Dear Sir / Madam, The concrete cubes have been tested as per your requested letter of dated 2068-06-01, the results of which are as follows: Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes Grade of Concrete       : M20                    Cement Used    : JAYPEE (Indian)    Cement Used    : Jagadamba OPC Design Mix                  : 1:1.5:3                    Cube Dimension: (150x150x150) mm3 Size of aggragate used  : 25mm down                    Admixture Used: Not Used Age of Concrete Cubes: 7 days                    Surface Area     : (150x150) mm2 S.N. Cube No. Weight of Cube (kg) Breaking Load (KN) Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Normal Range 1 Sample-1 7.95 375.00 16.67 16.15 12 to 14 N/mm2 2 Sample-2 8.05 355.00 15.78 3 Sample-3 8 360.00 16.00 Result: Average Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube  = 15.41 N/mm2. Quality: Good Ramu Acharaya Er. Shammy Karna Er Rajesh Koirala Lab incharge Co-ordinator Approved By natural water content Determination of Atterberg's Limit (1) Liquid Limit (L.L.) 37.5 25 At Central Hole 20 Can No. wt. of empty can (kg) wt. of can + moist soil (kg) wt. of can + dry soil (kg) wt. of water (kg) wt. of soil solid (kg) water content (kg)  Nos. of Blow (N) 16 1 0.0119 0.0247 0.0215 0.0032 0.0096 33.33333 11 12.5 100.00 2 0.0113 0.0272 0.0238 0.0034 0.0125 27.2 13 10 100.00 3 0.0117 0.0357 0.0307 0.005 0.019 26.31579 15 6.3 100.00 At Corner Hole 4.75 95.00 4 0.0112 0.0311 5 2.36 84.00 5 0.0116 0.0377 9 1.18 73.00 6 0.0108 0.0327 11 0.600 69.00 0.425 67.00 0.300 65.00 0.150 62.00 0.075 49 0.048655 41 0.035296 34 0.027758 29 0.024147 21 0.01698 16 0.012006 5

SP.gr.wt

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Engineering
Material Testing Laboratory
Western Region Campus
Lamachaur, Pokhara
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
				At Central Pit	At Corner Pit	Remarks
A	Wt.of empty Pycnometer (kg)			0.6262	0.6262
B	Wt. of pyc. + dry soil (kg)			0.8162	0.8445
C	Wt. of pyc. + dry soil + full water (kg)			1.63	1.61
D	Wt. Of pyc. + full water (kg)			1.5142	1.4856
E	Wt. Of dry soil (kg) = (B -A)			0.19	0.2183
F	Wt. Of soil solid (kg) = (D-A)-(C-B)			0.0742	0.0939
G	Specific Gravity (Gs) = E/F			2.56	2.32
DETERMINATION OF UNIT WEIGHT
Diameter of Mould (D) = 0.101m
Height of Mould (H) = 0.147m
Volume of Mould (V) = (π x D2x H)/4 = 0.00117744 m3
				At Central Pit	At Corner Pit	Remarks
A	Wt. Of empty mould (kg)			0.015855	0.015855
B	Wt. Of mould + saturated soil (kN)			0.037284	0.037821
C	Wt. Of Saturated soil (kN) = (B-A)			0.021429	0.021966
D	Volume of Mould			0.00117744	0.00117744
E	Unit weight (γsat) in kN/m3= C/D			18.20	18.66
	seiv graph GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION  Project: Residential Building with Basement Floor Location26/03/2012 New Road, Pokhara Weight of sample taken : 2.5 kg Sieve Size (mm) Wt. Of empty sieve (kg) wt. Of sieve + soil retained in each sieve (kg) wt. Of soil retained in each sieve (kg) % of soil retained in each sieve Cummulative % of soil retained in each sieve % finer At Central Pit 10 1.3699 1.5467 0.1768 7.072 7.072 92.928 6.3 1.498 1.6325 0.1345 5.38 12.452 87.548 4.75 1.487 1.5953 0.1083 4.332 16.784 83.216 2 1.149 1.4261 0.2771 11.084 27.868 72.132 1 1.0778 1.3593 0.2815 11.26 39.128 60.872 0.425 1 1.4408 0.4408 17.632 56.76 43.24 0.3 0.964 1.2906 0.3266 13.064 69.824 30.176 0.15 1.0138 1.4979 0.4841 19.364 89.188 10.812 0.075 0.9921 1.0966 0.1045 4.18 93.368 6.632 Pan 0.7189 0.8843 0.1654 6.616 99.984 0.016 At Corner Pit 10 1.3699 1.56667 0.19677 7.8708 6.888 93.112 6.3 1.498 1.64507 0.14707 5.8828 12.7708 87.2292 4.75 1.487 1.58967 0.10267 4.1068 16.8776 83.1224 2 1.149 1.37907 0.23007 9.2028 26.0804 73.9196 1 1.0778 1.19357 0.11577 4.6308 30.7112 69.2888 0.425 1 1.17397 0.17397 6.9588 37.67 62.33 0.3 0.964 1.10187 0.13787 5.5148 43.1848 56.8152 0.15 1.0138 1.65677 0.64297 25.7188 68.9036 31.0964 0.075 0.9921 1.45947 0.46737 18.6948 87.5984 12.4016 Pan 0.7189 0.99987 0.28097 11.2388 98.8372 1.1628

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