पाठ-२
प्राक्टिकल,ल्याव
ईलेक्ट्कल सैद्धान्तिक सैद्धान्तिक Elxएलेक्तृफिकतोनelectrification
This part is prepare note and hands out of electronics lecture Npi.In lab report and practices done.This part is basic lecture by Ashim panta NEA 2057.
1.electronics book
प्राक्टिकल,ल्याव
ईलेक्ट्कल सैद्धान्तिक सैद्धान्तिक Elxएलेक्तृफिकतोनelectrification
This part is prepare note and hands out of electronics lecture Npi.In lab report and practices done.This part is basic lecture by Ashim panta NEA 2057.
Practical subject 3 yr Diploma
Programme:Electrical
Yr 1st
Sem 1st
Electrical I/I
|
Engg.
Drawing
|
40
|
16
|
Computer Application
|
20
|
8
|
|
Physics
|
10
|
4
|
|
Workshop Practice
|
80
|
32
|
|
Chemistry
|
10
|
4
|
sem 2nd
Electrical
I/II
|
Engg. Drawing
|
40
|
16
|
Chemistry
|
10
|
4
|
|
Principle of Ele. Engg.
|
20
|
8
|
|
Electrical Workshop
|
60
|
24
|
|
Physics
|
10
|
4
|
Yr 2nd
Sem 3rd
Electrical II/I
|
Electrical
Drawing
|
40
|
16
|
Computer Programming
|
20
|
8
|
|
Electrical Installation
|
60
|
24
|
|
Basic Electronics
|
20
|
8
|
|
Electcric Circuit Theory
|
20
|
8
|
|
Civil Construction & Survey
|
20
|
8
|
sem 4th
Electrical
II/II
|
Microprocessor &
Microcontroller
|
10
|
4
|
EDC & logic circuit
|
20
|
8
|
|
CAD
|
20
|
8
|
|
Ele. Measurement & measuring
Instrument
|
20
|
8
|
|
Ele. Machine I
|
20
|
8
|
|
Ele.Engg. Drawing II
|
40
|
16
|
|
Ele. Installation II
|
40
|
16
|
Yr 3rd
Sem 5th
Electrical III/I
|
Switch Gear and Protection
|
20
|
8
|
Power Electronics
|
10
|
4
|
|
Electric Machine II
|
20
|
8
|
|
Control System Component
|
10
|
4
|
|
Project I
|
40
|
16
|
|
Electrical Installation Design
,Estimating &Costing
|
10
|
4
|
|
Elecric Repair and Maintenance
|
40
|
16
|
sem 6th
Electrical
III / II
|
Elecrical Repair and Maintenance II
|
40
|
16
|
Power system Operation & Maintenance
|
20
|
8
|
|
Elective
|
10
|
4
|
|
Project II
|
60
|
24
|
|
Entrepenurship Development
|
10
|
4
|
…….Bharatpur Chitwan
Practical
This part is basic note of electrical engineer DBGupta,NPI leacture
2. electrical book
professional
प्रविधि र शिक्षा=सीप काैशल
प्रयाेग
installation i (house wiring)
1. Tunnel Wiring
https://youtu.be/5-NoS0T2O84
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6h5uZIwN5Qk&h=AT2dJPtSJ-c9PidILArRfrDmnT_reVfA-YyxWSgPocZaQ0P5zE-yhWhlkd7-MggRs8nQB1GCADZ174Sc0_B4UC-qS1nGT5Ub5wwefrvDmscO5ugXrMAR1s63U6E6NvKoO3cSLTW2kg&s=1
2. https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6h5uZIwN5Qk&h=AT2dJPtSJ-c9PidILArRfrDmnT_reVfA-YyxWSgPocZaQ0P5zE-yhWhlkd7-MggRs8nQB1GCADZ174Sc0_B4UC-qS1nGT5Ub5wwefrvDmscO5ugXrMAR1s63U6E6NvKoO3cSLTW2kg&s=1
3. one bulb control by one way switch,two station two way switch
4.connection of mcb,bell,power socket,multi switches,
connection of service wire,different house wiring,energy meter
installation ii (industrial wiring)
1. connection panel board/service,light,power
2. three phase wiring,load balance,fitting wire cable
3. motor drive 1 phase,three phase/star delta connection.
4. daily use industrial equipment
5. NEA rule,generation,operation,distribution system and pole errection,conductor
This part is basic note of electrical engineer DBGupta,NPI leacture
2. electrical book
professional
See practices, BE
Programme: Bachelor in Electrical Engineering
Yr 1st sem 2nd
Electrical I-II
|
Electrical I-II
|
|
Electrical Engg.
|
OOP
|
|
Digital Logic
|
||
Yr 2nd Sem 2nd
|
||
Electrical II-II
|
Electrical II-II
|
|
Electrical Machine I
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Instrumentation
|
||
Numerical Method
|
||
Yr 3rd sem 2nd
|
||
Electrical III-II
|
Electrical III-II
|
|
Signal analysis
|
Power System Protection
|
|
Industrial
Electrification
|
Hydro Power
|
|
Digital Control System
|
||
प्रयाेग
installation i (house wiring)
1. Tunnel Wiring
https://youtu.be/5-NoS0T2O84
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6h5uZIwN5Qk&h=AT2dJPtSJ-c9PidILArRfrDmnT_reVfA-YyxWSgPocZaQ0P5zE-yhWhlkd7-MggRs8nQB1GCADZ174Sc0_B4UC-qS1nGT5Ub5wwefrvDmscO5ugXrMAR1s63U6E6NvKoO3cSLTW2kg&s=1
2. https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6h5uZIwN5Qk&h=AT2dJPtSJ-c9PidILArRfrDmnT_reVfA-YyxWSgPocZaQ0P5zE-yhWhlkd7-MggRs8nQB1GCADZ174Sc0_B4UC-qS1nGT5Ub5wwefrvDmscO5ugXrMAR1s63U6E6NvKoO3cSLTW2kg&s=1
3. one bulb control by one way switch,two station two way switch
4.connection of mcb,bell,power socket,multi switches,
connection of service wire,different house wiring,energy meter
installation ii (industrial wiring)
1. connection panel board/service,light,power
2. three phase wiring,load balance,fitting wire cable
3. motor drive 1 phase,three phase/star delta connection.
4. daily use industrial equipment
5. NEA rule,generation,operation,distribution system and pole errection,conductor
Date:
class: Electronics/Electrical experiment
no: 1 one
Roll no: shift or group:
Subject: Drawing object of experiment:
1.OBJECT: Specification
of 3 ø(phase) induction motor plate
of induction motor
Induction
motor
specification
|
contents
|
Related voltage
|
220/440 v
|
Related current
|
4.3/2.5 A
|
Related power
|
1.1 KW
|
Related speed
|
1500 rpm
|
Frequency
|
50 Hz
|
Insulation
|
F
|
cosø
|
0.8 (lag/ lead)
|
3 ø(phase) Squirrel case
motor
Type
|
Dl 205015213
|
specification
|
contents
|
Related voltage
|
220/440 v
|
Related current
|
1.3/2.5 A
|
Related power
|
1.5 KW
|
Related speed
|
1500 rpm
|
Frequency
|
50 Hz
|
Insulation
|
F
|
cosø
|
0.8 (lag/ lead)
|
2. OBJECT: Terminal name of 3 ø(phase) Induction motor
S coil
|
one
|
S coil
|
Two
|
S coil
|
Three
|
U
|
V
|
X
|
Y
|
W
|
Z
|
U1
|
U2
|
N1
|
N2
|
W1
|
W2
|
A1
|
A2
|
B1
|
B2
|
C1
|
C2
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
Arrangement terminal 3 ø(phase) Induction motor Connection
|
|
Star delta
Fig,write drawing
3. OBJECT: circuit diagram
showing the 11/440 kv, distribution transformer with stapping on HV side install
CT to PT to connect 3ø KWH.
Fig
Rt
=relay contact terminal
Pc=
fix contact
Sc=
sliding contact
Vp=
vent
Ct=
current transformer
T=
oil tank
B=
battery
R=
relay
Tc=
trip coil
H
handle for manaual operation
Fig
4. OBJECT: DOL starting 3ø
induction motor by fire rotary switch.
Fig
olR = over load relay
f=
fuse
l=
lamp
s=
rotary switch
5. OBJECT: Specification of 3 ø(phase) induction motor plate of induction motor
Induction motor
specification
|
contents
|
Related voltage
|
220/440 v
|
Related current
|
4.3/2.5 A
|
Related power
|
1.1 KW
|
Related speed
|
1500 rpm
|
Frequency
|
50 Hz
|
Insulation
|
F
|
cosø
|
0.8 (lag/ lead)
|
3 ø(phase)
Squirrel case motor
Type
|
Dl 205015213
|
specification
|
contents
|
Related voltage
|
220/440 v
|
Related current
|
1.3/2.5 A
|
Related power
|
1.5 KW
|
Related speed
|
1500 rpm
|
Frequency
|
50 Hz
|
Insulation
|
F
|
cosø
|
0.8 (lag/ lead)
|
End
6. OBJECT: Terminal name of 3 ø(phase) Induction motor
S coil
|
one
|
S coil
|
Two
|
S coil
|
Three
|
U
|
V
|
X
|
Y
|
W
|
Z
|
U1
|
U2
|
N1
|
N2
|
W1
|
W2
|
A1
|
A2
|
B1
|
B2
|
C1
|
C2
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
Arrangement
terminal 3 ø(phase) Induction motor
|
|
Star delta
Fig
End
7. OBJECT: circuit diagram showing the 11/440 kv, distribution
transformer with stapping on HV side install CT to PT to connect 3ø
KWH.
Fig
Rt
=relay contact terminal
Pc=
fix contact
Sc=
sliding contact
Vp=
vent
Ct=
current transformer
T=
oil tank
B=
battery
R=
relay
Tc=
trip coil
H
handle for manaual operation
Fig
end
8. OBJECT: DOL starting 3ø
induction motor by fire rotary switch.
Fig
olR = over load relay
f=
fuse
l=
lamp
s=
rotary switch
end
9.
OBJECT:variousdesigndrawing-different
1.residencebuilding
(autocad)
2.housewiring,industrialwiring
3.instrumentattion
4.diagram(sketch,wiring,symentic)
Fig
End
Subject: electric device
1.Title: TO DETERMINE THE POWER DROP AND RESISTANCE IN
GIVEN SERIRS CIRCUIT.
Objective:
Student able to know how to works circuit. mainly study power,voltage
drop in line.
Apparatus/
Material required;
1.
Multimeter device
2.
Bulb
3.
Power supply
4.
Pin wire
Theory
1.
Power ; The rate
of doing work is known as power.
The rate of doing work,3 phase wire is known 3 phase
power.it has true and apparent power.it is denoted by p,unit is
joules/second(watt.)
2.
Series-
Current is passing through all the resistance will be same
and eqal to rain current which is called series.they have only one path of
current to flow.the total resistance is equal to the sum of individual
resistance ie rt= r1+r2+r3 ohms.
3.
Voltage,
Therefore which causes the electrons in any closed circuit
is called voltage .its unit is volt.
Voltage,
herefore
which causes the electrons in any closed circuit is called voltage .its unit is
volt.
Principal
It
works on the principal series and parallel circuit.how its
voltage,resistance,current differ.voltage drop,power loss and conduction to
electric supply.
Observation table
We
state
V
|
I
|
V1
|
V2
|
P1=v1i
|
P2=v2i
|
∑p=vi
|
R1=p/i1
|
R2=pi2
|
206
|
0.13
|
142
|
66
|
18.46
|
8.46
|
26.78
|
7092.30
|
500
|
206
|
0.12
|
144
|
64
|
7.68
|
24.96
|
24.36
|
1200
|
533.33
|
208
|
0.24
|
208
|
0
|
49.92
|
0
|
49.92
|
366.66
|
0
|
hOw
acts as voltage,resistance,current.why its different power obtained..
Result
We
get varies load ,power in series parrell
circit.different power observed in circuit.
End
Subject: basic electrical
1.Title: To
test resistace, voltage and test continuity of 220 v measure conductor
Objective:
Student able to know how to works in measuring instrument.
Required materials:
Analog
multimeter
Probe
Resistor
battery
Theory
In
the rate of flow of electrons in any conductor is called electric current.it is
denoted by i.its unit isampere.voltage is defined as the force .wic causes to
flow of electrons in any closed circuit.
It
is unit is volt resistance is the properly flow of electric current.
Multimeter
is aelectronic device which used to measure te electricity is passed or not
pass whats' the voltage of electricity is come.
Above
definition is necessary to test the resistance voltage test countinity of 220
volt measure.
Principal
It
works Measurement of dc voltage current resistance.
Material required
Measurement
of dc voltage current ,dc voltage
regulator
using
moving iron instrument kit
with
Transformer and shunt resistor assoceries.
Construction
A
yoke,cover with as variable working.
Observation table
Countinuity
measure yes no
Measure
1.5 volt battery
Measure
value
=1.395
v
R=
33.9x 1000
=
3300 ohms'
Result
We
learn about Measurement of dc voltage current using resistance and current act.
Conclusion and discussion:
From
our above experiment,we ave calculate te resistance and voltage developed
across the current continuity through the conductor wit current continuity
through it.
While
doing the experiment the above ,the observed values are deducted from the
exact values due to the least count of
multimeters same verification during experiments.
End
2.Title: To
verify ohm's law
Objective:
1.Student able to know how to works in measuring current,voltage and
resistance.
2.
verify vir,its relation
Required materials:
Source,Analog
multimeter
Probe,wire
ammmeter
Resistor
Material required
Measurement
of dc voltage current ,dc voltage
regulator
using
ohms' verify kit
Theory
In
order to a supply voltage in wire,how they supply and regulate viltage,measures
it circuit curren with appropriate load(resistor)
3.Title: verification
of ohms law
ohms'
law verify that,the current and resistance of
for a constant voltage source.
V=ir
If
v=220
V=ixr
220=ir
If
r verify then correspondence voltage the
current also verify
For
given circuit,
Current
is reciprocal with respect to resistance
I
is inversely proportional to resistance
i∞1/r
rincipal
It
works Measurement relation resistance,voltage and current.it can work as
command.
Construction
A
yoke,cover with switch normal ammeter,voltmeter,different resistor as variable
working.
Observation table
Write
result
voltage
|
Resistance
Ω
|
current
|
Result
We
learn about Measurement of voltage current using resistance with kit. how resistance and current act.
End
3. Title: To verify
kirchoffs' law
Objective:
Student able to know how to verify kcl and kvl.
Required materials:
Supply
simple circuit with kit
Analog
multimeter
Probe
Resistor
Material required
Measurement
of current , voltage regulator
using
instrument kit with loop
with
connecting resistor assoceries etc.
Theory
4.Title: Verification
of kirchoff's current law(kcl)and kircoff's voltage law(kvl)
Concider
a equivalent
Kvl:
10-5i1-(i1-i2)=0…….i
5i1-5i2-5(i1-i2)=0….ii
Kcl:
all outgoing current is zero.
Consider
a node were three resistance connects or wire is connected
I1+i2+
i3= 0
Va-10/5+
va-0/15+ va/5=0
Principal
It
works what presenting current and loop
giving its direction . in kcl meeting node current will be zero.
In
kvl loop the 1st circuit will equal applied voltage in output
voltage work as command.
Construction
A
yoke,cover with startor and wound with armature rating current and hp motor.as
normal ammeter,voltmeter,shunt resistor as variable working.
Observation table
Write
result
sn
|
Applied
voltage in v
|
V1
v
|
V2
v
|
∑V=v1+v2
v
|
∑i=?
amp
|
remark
|
1
|
20
|
6.4
|
13.6
|
20
|
||
2
|
25
|
8.04
|
17.0
|
25.04
|
||
3
|
15
|
10.01
|
4.85
|
14.85
|
Result
We
learn about Measurement of dc voltage current using kcl and kvl with kit.
Discussion and conclusion:
We
can verify kircoffs' current and voltage law in circuit or loop.then we find
out v1 and v2.
End
Subject : project
1.
Title : PCB- Project
How to connect major project
Apparatus
Required:
·
Drill m/c
·
Ferric chloride
·
Varnish
·
Enamel paints
·
Transparent paper
·
Copper plate
·
RLC, LED
·
Bowel
·
Side cutter
·
Jumper wire
·
Extra tools
Tools
Required:
1.
Multi meter
2.
Soldering iron
complete
3.
Board
Theory:
1.
Design six no.
plate , five no. transparent paper (screen print if enough) layout drawing.
2.
Write 4 no. enamel
paint
3.
Sink with ferric chloride
in bowel, shake it
4.
Only SEE drawing
5.
Drill design and
drawing in plate, RLC accessories three times varnishing
6.
Whole part
varnishing
7.
Drawing opposite
sides
8.
All copper plate
and ferric chloride and fill it
Result:
You can write PCB board as your design
and required circuits such as connection transistor, capacitor, resistor ,
power supply, etc.
End
Subject: machine
1.Title: Measurement of dc voltage current using moving
iron instrument with shunt multiplier
Objective:
Student able to know how to works in measuring instrument.
Required materials:
Analog
multimeter
Probe
Resistor
wire
Theory
In
order to convert pmmc to a dc ommeter a low resistance sunt is to be palaced in
paraller to the basic meter.
Wen
eavey current are to be measured the major part of the current is passwd
through low resistance is found as below
Let,
Rm=
internal resistance
Rsh=
shunt resistance in ohm
I=
current to be measured amp
Im=
ifs= full scale deflection current at
movement amp
As
shunt and moter are in parallel,
Vsh=vm
Rshx
ish=imxrm…..i
Alsom
I=ish+im
Ish=i-im………..ii
Hence
from I and ii,
Rsh(i-im)=imrm
i-im=imrm/rsh
i/im=1+rm/rs……..iii
the
ratio total current will be to the current in the moment is called mulriplying
power
m=
im/ish
from
eqn iii,m= 1+rm/rsh
resistance
of shunt rs=rm/m-1…….iv
thus
the sunt resistance is to be choosen as given by eqn iv.
Principal
It
works Measurement of dc voltage current using moving iron instrument with shunt resistance.it can work
as command.
Material required
Measurement
of dc voltage current ,dc voltage
regulator
using
moving iron instrument kit
with
Transformer and shunt resistor assoceries.
Construction
A
yoke,cover with startor and wound with armature rating current and hp motor.as
normal ammeter,voltmeter,shunt resistor as variable working.
Observation table
Write
result
sn
|
p
|
Dc
voltage
|
Across
voltage
|
Dc
current
|
|
1
|
0.750
w
|
0.70v
|
0.76
v
|
0.064
ma
|
|
2
|
1.6
v
|
1.5
v
|
0.134
ma
|
||
3
|
3.3
v
|
2.8
v
|
0.273
ma
|
Result
We
learn about Measurement of dc voltage current using moving iron instrument with kit.how sunt resistance and
current act.
End
2. Title: Measurement of dc voltage and current using
moving coil instrument with shunt
multiplier
Objective:
Student able to know how to works in measuring instrument.
Required materials:
Analog
multimeter.ammeter(analog)
Probe
Resistor
wire
Theory/working principal
A
d'arsonul basic meter movement is converted into a voltmeter by connecting a
series resistance.with it .this series resistance is known as a multiplier
.this combination can act as a voltmeter.
This
multiplier limits the current through the meter,so that,it doesnot occurred te
valu of the full scale deflection and thus prevents the movement from being
damae.
The
value of a multiplier is calculate as
below
Let,
Rm=
internal resistance
Rs=
multiplier resistance in ohm
V=
voltage across the meter movement for current iron
V=
full range voltage of instrument
I=
current to be measured amp
V=im.rm
V=
i(rm+rs)
Rs=
v-imrm/im= vm/im-rm
Multiplying
factor=v/v=m
M=
im(rm+rs)/imrm
=
1+rs/rm
Or,
rs=(m-1)xrm=
resistance in multiplier
Principal
It
works Measurement of dc voltage current using moving coil instrument with multiplier.it can work as
command.
Construction
A yoke,cover
with startor and wound with armature rating current and hp motor.as normal
ammeter,voltmeter,multiplier as variable
working kit.
Observation table
Write
result
sn
|
v
at Dc supply voltage
|
I
at dc supply
|
V
Across load
|
I
at ammeter
|
remark
|
1
|
0.3
v
|
0.042
w
|
0.3
v
|
0.1
ma
|
|
2
|
1
v
|
0.046
w
|
1.0
v
|
0.1
ma
|
|
3
|
2.2
v
|
0.234
w
|
2.1
v
|
0.5
ma
|
|
4
|
6.6
v
|
0.8 w
|
6.4
v
|
0.67
ma
|
Result
We
learn about Measurement of dc voltage current using moving coil instrument with kit.how multiplier and
current act.
End
3. Title: Measurement of resistance using wheat stone bridge .
Objective:
Student able to know how to works in measuring resistance.
Required materials:
Analog
multimeter,amper meter
Supply,Probe
Unknown
Resistor
Wheatstone
bridge
Theory/working principal
A
very important device used in the measurement of medium resistance is the wheat
stone bridge it states that at null deflection of galvanometer the ratio of two
resistance in one arm is equal to ratio of another two resistance in another
arm . Fig shows the schematic diagram
of wheat stone bridge p and r and s be four resistance where R is unknown
resistance and G be the galvanometer
current I supplied by the battery
AT
junction b
I1-IG-I3=O……I
AT junction c
I2+ig-i4=0…..ii
In
loop acba,
I2r+igg+i1p=0….ii
In
loop cdbc,
-i4s+i3q-igg=0…..iv
At
null deflection ig=0
From
the eqn I,ii,iii and iv,
I1=i3…….v
I2=i4………..vi
I1o=i2r……..vii
I2q=i4s……….viii
Divides
vii by viii we get,
I1p/i3q=i2r/i4s
Using
v and vi
I1p/i1q=i2r/i2s
p/q=r/s
s=
q/pxr
Principal
It
works Measurement of dc voltage current using moving coil instrument with multiplier.it can work as
command.
Construction
A
yoke,cover with switch bridge and resistance,with unknown resistance .
normal
ammeter,voltmeter,multiplier as variable
working kit.
Observation table
Write
result
sn
|
P
in ohms'
|
q
in ohms'
|
R
in ohms'
|
S
in ohms'
|
remark
|
1
|
100
|
1000
|
300
|
30
|
|
2
|
1
000
|
100
|
300
|
30
|
S=q/pxr
=10/100x300
=30
ohms'
Result
We
learn about Measurement unknown resistor
instrument with kit.how rasistanc varified.
Conclusion
We
my concluded tat te unknown value of the resistance can found by using wheat
stone bridge .so this bridge is most important to find out unknown resistance
of the resistor.
End
Subject : switch gear
Lab-1
Title : rectifier and its
vi charecterstices
OBJCTIVE: DESRVATION OF HALF WAVE AND
FULLWAVE RECTIFIER
EQUIPMENT
REQUIRED
-
Oscilloscope
-
Probes
-
Half wave and full wave circuit
Theory:-
Rectifier is a process of converting all signal into dc. Signal
end
Coming cont...
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